Articles

When we breathe, air first circulates to the bronchi, followed by the bronchioles and terminal bronchioles, which opens up at the end to create an alveolar duct from which air sacs derive.

Hiccups consist in intermittent spasmodic contractions of the diaphragm and accessory muscles of inspiration that causes the sudden closure of the glottis. 

The body produces immunological factors that provide appropriate responses to invasions from intruders, whether they be bacteria, virus, fungi, or parasites.

Fibromyalgia is a generalized chronic pain syndrome characterized by a wide spectrum of symptoms, including fatigue, headaches, muscle stiffness, and emotional distress.

Respiratory insufficiency is the failure of the lung to perform at an optimal level. When we breathe, we inhale oxygen for energy and exhale carbon dioxide (CO2). Obviously, we obtain oxygen from the environment, but how does the CO2 get there? Well, CO2 is produced as a waste byproduct of cellular respiration, where cells use […]

Bronchiectasis is an abnormal and irreversible thickening of the bronchi walls, creating a reduction of the lumen. In this pathology, the shape of the bronchi is altered, which appear short and widened. Also, there is difficulty in driving air from the trachea to the bronchial tree because of the reduced diameter of these ducts. “The […]

Snoring happens to everyone at some point. It’s an extremely common occurrence and it does not necessarily mean that you have an underlying disease. It is simply the result of incoming air that causes tissue vibrations of partially blocked upper airways. However, it can be a symptom of a more serious condition such as sleep […]

An article, instrument, apparatus or machine that is used in the prevention, diagnosis or treatment of illness or disease, or for detecting, measuring, restoring, correcting or modifying the structure or function of the body for some health purpose.

DPIs are termed dry powder inhalers. The medication in the DPI may be stored in a capsule and broken down or may installed directly in the device.